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SpineAnterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Bangalore

Anterior-Cervical Discectomy-and-Fusion

An anterior cervical discectomy and fusion remove a damaged disc from the neck to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots and the resulting pain, numbness, and weakness. Anterior cervical decompression is another name for the technique, which is also known as a discectomy. Two steps make up surgery:

An anterior cervical discectomy is carried out on the front or anterior side of the cervical spine (neck). The disc between the two spinal bones is then removed.

To stabilize the cervical portion, fusion and discectomy are both done at the same time. A fusion involves inserting bone grafts and implants where the disc was previously present to provide additional stability and strength.

Although a cervical herniated disc with symptoms is the most usual indication for this procedure, a surgeon may also utilize it to treat cervical degenerative disc disease. Additionally, it is frequently carried out to remove bone spurs (osteophytes) brought on by arthritis and to ease cervical spinal stenosis symptoms.

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When treating the following conditions, ACDF may be beneficial:

Herniated disc and bulging disc: A weak spot in the surrounding wall may allow the gel-like material within the disc to rupture or expand (annulus). When this substance squeezes out and uncomfortably pushes on a nerve, irritation and swelling result.

Bone spurs develop, and facet joints swell as a result of degenerative disc disease, which occurs as discs age naturally. The discs lose their flexibility and insulating qualities as they dry out and shrink. The disc’s available space decreases. These modifications cause disc herniation or canal stenosis.

Procedure for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: The operation typically lasts 1 to 3 hours. The patient will get anesthesia while lying on their back on the operating table. While they are sleeping, their neck region is cleaned and prepared. If a fusion is intended and one of the patient’s own bones will be used, the hip region is also prepared for a bone graft. There is no requirement for a hip incision if a donor’s bone is utilized.

A 2-inch skin incision is made on either the right or left side of the patient’s neck. The surgeon makes a tunnel to the spine by separating the patient’s neck muscles and drawing back their esophagus, trachea, and arteries.

A small needle is inserted by the surgeon to locate the damaged vertebra and disc using a fluoroscope. The spinal bones above and below the damaged disc are moved apart using a certain retractor. The outer wall of the disc is cut. A surgical microscope is then used to remove the remaining disc after the surgeon utilizes little grasping devices to remove around two-thirds of your disc. To access the spinal canal, the ligament that runs behind the vertebrae is cut. The spinal nerves are relieved of any disc material that is exerting strain on them.

They have surgery to remove bone spurs that are pushing on their nerve root. The foramen through which the spinal nerve exits is widened using a drill. A procedure called a foraminotomy gives their nerves more room to exit the spinal canal.

A drill is used to remove the outer cortical layer of bone on the top and bottom of the open disc area to show the blood-rich cancellous bone inside. The surgeon and patient will keep the bone graft material prepared. It is necessary to use a bone graft from their hip, though the doctor may also use a fusion cage or a bone bank.

A metal plate is frequently inserted into the vertebrae to promote stability during fusion, strengthening the bone transplant. An x-ray is taken to confirm the placement of the graft, screws, and plate. The spreader’s retractors have been taken off. The incisions in the muscle and skin are connected with sutures. Biological glue or Steri-Strips are used to close the incision.

Risks and complications from ACDF surgery

Any procedure has risks attached to it. Surgery’s expected side effects include anesthesia reactions, deep vein thrombosis, and infection. The likelihood of complications increases if a spinal fusion and discectomy are done simultaneously. Complications that could arise include:

  • Failure of vertebrae to fuse
  • Broken hardware.
  • Graft bone migration.
  • Damage to the nerves or ongoing pain.
  • Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness.

Surgery recovery

Make a follow-up appointment with the surgeon two weeks after the procedure. The healing process typically takes 4 to 6 weeks. X-rays can be used a few weeks later to verify that fusion has taken place. When you have your follow-up appointment, the surgeon will determine when the patient can go back to work. A cervical collar or brace may be worn by the patient to provide support and restrict motion while the neck recovers or fuses. The doctor might advise neck stretches, exercises, and physical therapy once your neck has healed.

Patients may have pain, soreness, and stiffness at the incision site if the surgeon performs a bone transplant from the hip. Go for regular walks or get up and move around. It’s not advisable to sit or lay down for extended periods of time.

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FAQsAnterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Treatment FAQs

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ACDF is commonly performed to relieve symptoms caused by herniated or degenerative discs, including neck pain, arm pain, numbness, weakness, or spinal cord compression.

During ACDF, the surgeon makes a small incision in the front of the neck, removes the damaged disc, and inserts a bone graft or implant to fuse the two vertebrae. Over time, the bones grow together, providing stability.

Recovery typically takes 4 to 6 weeks, but complete fusion of the vertebrae may take several months. Most patients can return to light activities within a few weeks, but strenuous activities are usually restricted for a longer period.

You may experience some loss of motion at the fused vertebrae, but most patients retain good overall neck mobility. The degree of motion loss depends on the number of levels fused.

Like any surgery, ACDF has risks, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, difficulty swallowing, and problems with the fusion process. However, complications are generally rare.

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